| ハンドル型電動車いすの操作性・快適性に関する生体力学的考察 | 奥本泰久、藤原武志、上野友裕 |
| 立位作業時における作業面高に関する実験的研究 | 茂木伸之、八田一利、三澤哲夫、肝付邦憲 |
| マルチ画面型VDT作業における人間工学的研究 | 斎藤 真、大西範和、加藤象二郎、宮尾 克、 伊藤 薫、池浦良淳、水谷一樹 |
| 携帯端末を利用した職場改善支援システムの提案 | 渋谷正弘、三上行生、神代雅晴、川上満幸 |
| 防音保護具の遮音特性と雑音下における会話了解度の関係 | 橋本正浩、神代雅晴 |
| 漁船員の技術と労働実態に関する研究Ⅱ -沖合底びき網漁業を例にして- | 久宗周二、木村暢夫、池上 徹、岸田孝弥 |
At present, various types of welfare equipment for the elderly and disabled have been rapidly developed in Japan, especially wheelchairs have widely spread. Though many kinds of wheelchairs are used recently in accordance with each purpose, this paper focused on an electric motor cart for the welfare, and studies concerning operability and amenity were carried out by the biomechanical analysis using a digital human model and the EMG measurements of a human body, following the questionnaire analysis: (1) optimization of seat height and inclined angle of the backrest, (2) verification of optimum position of the driving panel, (3) optimum shape of the operation equipment such as a speed control dial and an indicator. Finally the design improvements of the electric motor cart were proposed.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of working table height on standing work. Seven male subjects performed four kinds of standing work tasks (task1, 2, 3 and 4) at four different working table conditions. The table height was set 0cm, 10cm, 20cm, and 30cm below the elbow height of each subject. The contents of these tasks were to perform task1 and 2 at the horizontal level, and construct solid objects in task3and 4. The duration of each task was about 2 minutes. The low back EMG increased with lowering table height and showed the maximum value at the 30cm table height in all tasks. The all mean value of trunk inclination at the 30cm table height in all tasks. The average trunk inclination was also gradually increased with lowering the table height. The effect was statistically significant. The maximum value of trunk inclination was 47 degrees in task1. In the personal complaint on this experiment, the estimation of 30cm table height was the worst. The best postures in each condition were 0cm in task1 and task2, 10cm in task3 and task4. The result of adjusting range of working table height recognized 10cm.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of multi screen type visual display terminals (VDT) work by the analyses of work performance and subjective assessment. The comparative study, multi screen and single screen type VDT workstation, was carried out to get some ergonomic data which would be applicable to the guidelines and recommendation for VDT operations using multi screens. Seventy healthy persons, 32 males and 38 females, whose ages ranged from 18 to 47 years (average age: 23.4) were selected as subjects. They performed data search and entry task for 5 minutes using both word processing and spread sheet software in each workstation. The work efficiency and the subjective assessment of multi screens were significantly superior in comparison with a single screen. The reason why a multi screen type workstation was evaluated highly is that visibility and operability are better than with a single screen. The characteristic of multi screen type VDT work is operation method and increased efficiency by dividing software into two screens. It is necessary to examine workload, sense of incongruity and skill of operation, and other possible problems before spreading widely to many work places.
In order to contribute to further development of the work improvement support system was created a mobile work improvement support system using PDA, through which improvement information is instantly accessible to anyone, anytime, anywhere. The results clarified that by using the interface for PDA developed in this research the same information is available through PDA without changing the present work improvement support system in use. This research will contribute to the promotion of workplace improvement using mobile PDA and the perfection of work improvement support system database to create worker-friendly workplaces in this aged society.
In industrial workplaces, it is widely believed that the use of hearing protectors interferes with speech communication and with the perception of warning signals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the attenuation of hearing protectors on speech perception in noise. In the experiment, the intelligibility of Japanese sentences presented at two speech levels (65 and 85 dBA) in pink noise was assessed for ten normal-hearing adults, using three protectors with different attenuation characteristics. The noise level was altered at signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of 0, +5, and +10 dB. The results showed that speech intelligibility was significantly influenced by type of protector, speech level, and SNR. The interaction between these factors was statistically significant. In general, the wearing of the earplug with decreased low-frequency attenuation did not help to improve the intelligibility of speech presented in noise. Correlations between the average attenuation for a specific frequency range and the speech intelligibility were poor, indicating that the attenuation characteristics of the protectors have little effect on speech intelligibility in noise. These results imply that a reduction in the attenuation should not be considered as a countermeasure against the problems of speech communication with hearing protectors.
Many work accidents on fishing vessels have occurred during fishing operations. Middle-aged fishermen have more experience doing various duties than the younger fishermen. And the skills of middle-aged fishermen are more developed, when compared with those of young fishermen. The necessary number of fishermen and the fishing skill levels are different for each companies (the fishing operation, the selection of the catch, and the fish landing) and the relationship between skills and work assignment should be studied. In the current study, the skill levels and number of fishermen on board are focused. To develop a strategy to train fishermen, the necessary time to become skilled crewmembers are clarified. Considering the education that is necessary for fishing operations was conducted. Moreover, safety reeducation that needs for existing fishermen are also considered. Management of the purse seine must identify necessary changes to optimize productivity and to improve safety.
