| 介護支援動作におけるベッドから椅子への移乗動作の３次元動作解析 | 山本憲志、小里裕美、小和田淳子 |
| 漁船員の技術と労働実態に関する研究 | 久宗周二、天下井 清、木村暢夫、池上 徹、岸田孝弥 |
| 乗用車の運転姿勢に対する感性評価と生体力学的解析 | 奥本泰久、大沢悠佑 |
| システム操作時におけるパフォーマンス評価について | 鈴木 哲、笠松慶子、矢頭攸介、二宮理憙 |
Back injuries are a serious problem for nursing personnel who perform frequent patient-handling activities. Common prevention strategies include biomechanics education, technique training, and ergonomic interventions such as the introduction of assistive equipment. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the motion of the nurse’s center of gravity (CG) during raising patients on a bed and helping them onto a wheelchair from the viewpoint of biomechanics. The performances of the subjects were videotaped with two video cameras operating at 30 Hz. Three-dimensional coordinates of the subjects’ CG were computed by using the Direct Linear Transformation Method from video data. The subjects were two skilled nurses and two student nurses. The skilled nurses raised the patient closer to their bodies than the student nurses, so the force exerted by the skilled nurses to raise the patient may have been smaller. During raising the patient on the bed and moving the patient from the bed onto the wheelchair, the CG of the student nurses was higher than the skilled nurses. These results show that for the skilled nurses, the energy expended to care for a patient was smaller because the working time was shorter and the movement range of the CG was smaller. It can be inferred that the use of biomechanics is necessary for student nurses to prevent lumbar pain.
Many work accidents on fishing vessels have occurred during fishing operations. Middle-aged fishermen have more experience doing various duties than the younger fishermen. And the skills of middle-aged fishermen are more developed, when compared with those of young fishermen. The necessary number of fishermen and the fishing skill levels are different for each companies (the fishing operation, the selection of the catch, and the fish landing) and the relationship between skills and work assignment should be studied. In the current study, the skill levels and number of fishermen on board are focused. To develop a strategy to train fishermen, the necessary time to become skilled crewmembers are clarified. Considering the education that is necessary for fishing operations was conducted. Moreover, safety reeducation that needs for existing fishermen are also considered. Management of the purse seine must identify necessary changes to optimize productivity and to improve safety.
This paper has studied the ride comfort of a passenger car using KANSEI engineering evaluation technique as well as the biomechanical analysis method, focusing on the inclined angle of a front sheet. The former technique gave the conclusions; sheet angle 25°is optimum for the ride comfort generally, while the evaluation of spaciousness in sheet angle 15°is lower though it is good in respect of the physical fatigue, and in sheet angle 30°it is spacious but easily fatigued. Results of the calculation of torque on hinges of human body using a virtual human model have showed a good correlation to the KANSEI evaluation; the torque at a spine (lumbar) causes the physical fatigue, that of shoulder affects the relaxed feeling, that of wrist corresponds to released sensation, and that of knee affects the habitability. Finally, it is desired in the design of the sheet of a passenger car that the torque on the lumbar is reduced while relaxed and released feeling has kept.
In this research, it was aimed to identify the factors which influenced on the human performance and to investigate experimentally how these factors were mutually related.First, the factors which influence performance were identified based on ISO standard and studies by Bailey and other researchers. As a result, it was determined as five factors, efficiency, effectiveness, task difficulty, adaptability and psychological-physiological effect. Next, the relation between these factors was simply expressed mathematically. Utilized this mathematical expression, it was observed the movement of factors through some experiments and considered the interrelation between these. It was confirmed certain relations among factors. Especially, constant relations about accuracy as the index of effectiveness and heart rate as index of physiological effect were clearly identified in the influence by the task difficulty and the adaptability. Based on this result, the performance in a system operation was able to be compositely caught from the both of the system and human aspects. Consequently, it could be suggested that performance might be evaluated and mathematically when the performance under a given set of task conditions was confirmed.
